Archaelogists have identified a cave church in Derbyshire, England, with the ninth-century Anglo-Saxon king Eardwulf of Northumbria. Eardwulf was dethroned and exiled, and lived the rest of his life reclusively, known as the hermit (or anchorite) Hardulph, who was to be canonized as a saint. For a time the cave was the presumed dwelling of an ornamental hermit on the expansive grounds of a wealthy eighteenth-century estate owner. Hardulph is thought to have attracted disciples by his eremitic example.
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